commit 833c9534c5e9994f434a6d336ede5a9489d95600 Author: melbastallwort Date: Fri Sep 11 15:51:15 2026 +0000 Add Effects of a Low-fat, High-carbohydrate Diet on VLDL-triglyceride Assembly, Production, and Clearance diff --git a/Effects of a Low-fat%2C High-carbohydrate Diet on VLDL-triglyceride Assembly%2C Production%2C and Clearance.-.md b/Effects of a Low-fat%2C High-carbohydrate Diet on VLDL-triglyceride Assembly%2C Production%2C and Clearance.-.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61d1127 --- /dev/null +++ b/Effects of a Low-fat%2C High-carbohydrate Diet on VLDL-triglyceride Assembly%2C Production%2C and Clearance.-.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. A lock ( Lock Locked padlock icon ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Address correspondence to: Elizabeth J. Parks, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. Low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) diets commonly elevate plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations, but the kinetic mechanisms responsible for this effect remain uncertain. LF/HC diet. We measured VLDL particle and TG transport rates, plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) flux, and sources of fatty acids used for the assembly of VLDL-TG. The LF/HC diet resulted in a 60% elevation in TG, a 37% reduction in [VLDL-TG](https://www.newsweek.com/search/site/VLDL-TG) clearance, and an 18% reduction in whole-body fat oxidation, but no significant change in VLDL-apo B or VLDL-TG secretion rates. Significant elevations in fasting apo B-48 concentrations were observed on the LF/HC in HTG subjects.
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In both groups, [blood sugar management](http://tangxj.cn:6012/maisiehuntsman/2373970/wiki/How+Cinnamon+Lowers+Blood+Sugar+and+Helps+Diabetes) fasting de novo lipogenesis was low regardless of diet. The NEFA pool contributed the great majority of fatty acids to VLDL-TG in NL subjects on both diets, whereas in HTG subjects, the contribution of NEFA was somewhat lower overall and was reduced further in individuals on the LF/HC diet. Between 13% and 29% of VLDL-TG fatty acids remained unaccounted for by the sum of de novo lipogenesis and plasma NEFA input in HTG subjects. We conclude that (a) whole-food LF/HC diets reduce VLDL-TG clearance and do not increase VLDL-TG secretion or de novo lipogenesis; (b) sources of fatty acids for assembly of VLDL-TG differ between HTG and NL subjects and are further affected by diet composition; (c) the presence of chylomicron remnants in the fasting state on LF/HC diets may contribute to elevated TG levels by competing for VLDL-TG lipolysis and by providing a source of fatty acids for hepatic VLDL-TG synthesis; and (d) the assembly, production, and clearance of elevated plasma VLDL-TG in response to LF/HC diets therefore differ from those for elevated TG on higher-fat diets.
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Increases in fasting plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations are commonly observed during the consumption of low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) diets (1, 2). Other serum lipid changes include reductions in HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol concentrations. The potential atherogenicity of carbohydrate-induced elevations in TG has been the subject of current debate (1-5). Endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, which is observed in individuals on higher-fat diets, is associated with increased coronary heart disease risk (6), but it is not known whether carbohydrate-induced and endogenous TG elevations share underlying kinetic mechanisms and therefore similar atherogenic risk. Differences in lipoprotein dynamics between the 2 forms of hypertriglyceridemia might contribute differently to the risk for cardiovascular disease. In the fasting state, most plasma TGs are carried in VLDLs. Overproduction of VLDL particles might generate a higher flux of atherogenic particles to LDLs in the plasma or into the artery wall. By contrast, reduced clearance of VLDL-TG does not increase the flux of cholesterol into the plasma. Moreover, nonpharmacologic regimens, such as weight loss and exercise training, may increase TG clearance.
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Synthesis of VLDL-TG, and particle assembly and secretion, have been the subjects of much in vitro research (7-10). Much of this work, however, has been performed in HepG2 cells, which exhibit defective TG mobilization (9, 10). In humans, evidence has been presented for similar TG metabolism in the endogenous and carbohydrate-induced forms of hypertriglyceridemia. TG secretion rates are elevated in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (11-15), and some (12, 16-19), but not all (20, 21), workers have reported high TG flux rates in subjects fed LF/HC diets. Nestel et al. (22) and Boberg et al. 23, [GlycoMode blood sugar supplement](https://wavedream.wiki/index.php/Understanding_Glyco_Mode_Blood_Sugar:_A_Comprehensive_Overview) 24) suggested, on the basis of indirect evidence, that the source of fatty acids supporting elevated TG synthesis on LF/HC diets may have been from de novo lipogenesis. If increases in dietary carbohydrate elevate de novo lipogenesis, this increase in fatty acid availability to the liver could drive hepatic TG overproduction. 250 mg/dL), whereas those with TG in this moderate range have a more reproducible response to LF/HC diets.
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